import random

def example(runs):
    # Repeat code for the amount of runs given
    while runs > 0:
        # Assigns variable boolean to either True or False based on random binary number 0 or 1.
        boolean = False if random.randint(0, 1) == 0 else True 

        # If the number was 1 (True), it prints "awesome."
        if boolean:
            print("binary is awesome")
            
        # If the number was 2 (False), it prints "cool."
        else:
            print("binary is cool")
            
        runs -= 1
     
# Change the parameter to how many times to run the function.   
example(10)

import math

def exponent(base, power):
    # Print the operation performed, turning the parameters into strings to properly concatenate with the symbols "^" and "=".
    print(str(base) + "^" + str(power) + " = " + str(math.pow(base, power)))

# How can function become a problem? (Hint: what happens if you set both base and power equal to high numbers?)
exponent(5, 2)

#A function like this can become a problem if both the base and power parameters 
# are set to very high numbers. 
# math.pow() function used to calculate the exponentiation may result in a very 
# 
# large number that exceeds the maximum size that can be represented by the data 
# type being used (e.g., float or int). In such cases, the result may be inaccurate 
# or even cause an error, depending on the language and environment being used. It is 
# important to consider the limitations of the data types being used and the potential 
# range of values that the function may receive as input.

def binary_addition(binary1, binary2):
    max_len = max(len(binary1), len(binary2))
    binary1 = binary1.zfill(max_len) # # method so binary numbers will have zeros on the
    #left so that they have the same length as the maximum length.
    binary2 = binary2.zfill(max_len)
    result = ''
    track_carry = 0
    for i in range(max_len - 1, -1, -1): # goes through each digit in the two binary numbers from the right to the left.
        r = track_carry
        r += 1 if binary1[i] == '1' else 0 #if the current digit in binary1 is 1, 1 is added to 'r'
        r += 1 if binary2[i] == '1' else 0 # If the current digit in binary2 is 1, another 1 is added to 'r'. 
        result = ('1' if r % 2 == 1 else '0') + result
        track_carry = 0 if r < 2 else 1
    if track_carry != 0:
        result = '1' + result
    return result


# takes two binary sequences as input and returns their difference in decimal form.
def binary_subtraction(binary1, binary2):
    max_len = max(len(binary1), len(binary2))
    binary1 = binary1.zfill(max_len)
    binary2 = binary2.zfill(max_len)
    result = ''
    borrow = 0
    for i in range(max_len - 1, -1, -1):
        if binary1[i] == '0':
            if binary2[i] == '0':
                result = ('1' if borrow == 1 else '0') + result
                borrow = 1 if borrow == 1 else 0
            else:
                result = ('0' if borrow == 1 else '1') + result
        else:
            if binary2[i] == '0':
                result = ('0' if borrow == 1 else '1') + result
            else:
                result = ('1' if borrow == 1 else '0') + result
                borrow = 1
    return str(int(result, 2))

# takes two binary sequences as input and returns their product in decimal form.
def binary_multiplication(binary1, binary2):
    result = '0'
    for i, bit1 in enumerate(reversed(binary1)): #iterate through the elements of x in reverse order, while also keeping track of the index of each element.
        if bit1 == '1':
            temp = bin(int(binary2, 2) << i)[2:]
            temp += '0' * i
            result = binary_addition(result, temp)
    return str(int(result, 2))


#takes two binary sequences as input and returns their quotient and remainder in decimal form.
def binary_division(dividend, divisor):
    dividend_int = int(dividend, 2)
    divisor_int = int(divisor, 2)
    quotient_int = dividend_int // divisor_int
    remainder_int = dividend_int % divisor_int
    quotient_binary = bin(quotient_int)[2:]
    remainder_binary = bin(remainder_int)[2:]
    return str(quotient_int), str(remainder_int)

# Taking user input
binary1 = input("Enter binary: ")
binary2 = input("Enter binary: ")

print("binary addition: ", binary_addition(binary1, binary2))
print("binary subtraction: ", binary_subtraction(binary1, binary2))
print("binary multiplication: ", binary_multiplication(binary1, binary2))
quotient, remainder = binary_division(binary1, binary2)
print("binary division - quotient: ", quotient)
print("binary division - remainder: ", remainder)